![]() Much of the romaine lettuce sold in northern Europe is grown in southern Spain, relying on migrant laborers from Africa. Many US growers of romaine lettuce farm in Salinas in the summer and the Imperial Valley and Yuma in the winter, relying on day laborers crossing the border from Mexico. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared the most recent Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to California grown romaine lettuce over. At least 43 people became ill in this outbreak, which the FDA traced to one of six counties in Central California: Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Ventura. coli identified in the 2017-2018 outbreak was implicated. In November 2018, the US CDC and the PHA of Canada issued a warning to consumers that romaine lettuce should not be consumed in any form, and that they should dispose of any currently on hand. coli outbreak to water from a canal located in Yuma, Arizona. In June 2018, the FDA traced the source of the latest E. The outbreak killed five people and caused 89 hospitalizations across 32 states. On May 22, 2018, after a month-long warning, the CDC announced it was now safe to consume romaine again. coli O157:H7 outbreak, which probably began in mid-March 2018, the CDC recommended in April 2018 that consumers not buy or eat romaine lettuce unless they could confirm it was not from the Yuma, Arizona, growing region. The most recent illness started on Decemthe PHA declared the outbreak over on January 10, 2018, and the CDC declared it over on January 25. The disease agent was Shiga toxin-producing E. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were unable to confirm that it was romaine in particular. A probably related outbreak affected 25 people in 15 states of the U.S. Food safety issues įrom November 2017 through January 2018, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHA) identified romaine as being linked to illness in 41 persons in Canada. In North American supermarkets, romaine is widely available year-round. The thick ribs, especially on the older outer leaves, have a milky fluid that gives the romaine its typically bitter herb taste. For example, it can be braised or made into soup. Romaine, like other lettuces, may also be cooked. Romaine lettuce is commonly used in Middle Eastern cuisine. Romaine is a common salad green, and is the usual lettuce used in Caesar salad. The day of 22 Germinal in the French Republican Calendar was dedicated to romaine lettuce, as " Romaine". It symbolises the bitterness inflicted by the Egyptians while the Israelites were slaves in Egypt. Romaine lettuce may be used in the Passover Seder ritual feast as a type of bitter herb. Cultural significance įor 3000 years (from at least 2700 BC), lettuce was associated with the ancient Egyptian god of fertility, Min, for its resemblance to the phallus. It apparently reached Western Europe via Rome, as it is called lattuga romana in Italian and laitue romaine in French, both meaning "Roman lettuce" – hence the name "romaine", the common term in North America. The first mention of cos lettuce in English dates from the late 17th century in John Evelyn's 1699 work Acetaria. Other authorities trace cos to the Arabic word for lettuce, khus خس. Many dictionaries trace the word cos to the name of the Greek island of Cos, from which the lettuce was presumably introduced. In North American English it is known as "romaine" lettuce and in British English the names "cos" lettuce and "romaine" lettuce are both used. Lettuce becomes contaminated with the bacterium as the result of cattle manure being used to fertilize crop fields, or the proximity of cattle pastures and feedlots to water sources used to irrigate crops. Cattle can harbor the bacteria without ill effects, and be asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium. and Canadian health authorities warning that consumer supplies can become contaminated with or host pathogenic E. In North America, romaine is often sold as whole heads or as "hearts" that have had the outer leaves removed and are often packaged together.Ĭommercially sold romaine lettuce has occasionally been the subject of product warnings by both U.S. Unlike most lettuces, it is tolerant of heat. longifolia) is a variety of lettuce that grows in a tall head of sturdy dark green leaves with firm ribs down their centers. Romaine or cos lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. Cross section of a heart of romaine lettuce Romaine "violet"
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